Land inspections

What is a confined space?

A confined space is an enclosed or partially enclosed area that is not intended for human occupancy and has limited means of entry and exit. Confined spaces can pose significant risks to workers, including lack of oxygen, toxic fumes, and physical hazards such as pinch points or moving parts. Examples of confined spaces include tanks, vessels, sewers, boilers, and storage bins. Entry into a confined space requires a high level of safety precautions, including hazard identification, ventilation, personal protective equipment, and a permit system. Proper training, equipment, and procedures are essential to ensure the safety of workers in confined spaces. More about confined space...

The use of dedicated confined space drones has significantly reduced the cost and risk associated with many confined space operations.

What are deliverables?

A deliverable is a product or service created as part of a project and intended for client delivery. For example, a collection of images, a 3D model or a video created by Engineers with Drones and given to the asset/industry professional.

Specification of deliverables if one of the most important steps in our initial discussions with our clients. Specifying exactly what deliverables a client wants and to what level of precision can save the client a lot of time and cost in the long run.

What is a digital surface model (DSM)?

A digital surface model (DSM) made by a drone refers to a 3D representation of the Earth's surface that is created through the use of remote sensing technology. Drones are equipped with sensors that capture high-resolution images of the ground surface from different angles, which are then processed and stitched together to create a comprehensive 3D map. The DSM is different from other elevation models, as it includes all surface features, including trees, buildings, and other objects on the ground. DSMs have a wide range of applications, including land management, urban planning, environmental monitoring, and disaster response.

A Digital Surface Model (DSM) is a 3D representation of a geographic area that shows the height, shape, and texture of the terrain and any objects on the surface. It is created using digital elevation data obtained from various sources such as aerial photography, LIDAR, or satellite imagery. DSMs can be used in a variety of applications, including urban planning, flood risk assessment, and infrastructure development. They provide a detailed view of the Earth's surface, allowing for accurate measurements of elevation and topography. DSMs are a valuable tool for analyzing and visualizing the landscape and can be used to support a wide range of geospatial analyses.

What is a digital terrain model (DTM)?

A digital terrain model (DTM) created by a drone refers to a highly accurate and detailed digital representation of the Earth's surface, generated through the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with advanced sensors and cameras. These sensors collect a vast amount of data, which is then processed using specialized software to create a 3D model of the terrain. The resulting DTM is typically used for various applications such as urban planning, construction, forestry, agriculture, and natural resource management. The advantage of using a drone to create a DTM is its ability to capture data from hard-to-reach areas and produce high-resolution images with incredible accuracy.

A digital terrain model (DTM) is a digital representation of the Earth's surface that captures the elevation data of a particular area, represented in a grid format. It is created by using specialized software that analyzes data from various sources, such as satellite imagery, aerial photography, and ground-based surveys. The DTM accurately portrays the three-dimensional topography of the terrain, including the height and slope of the land, and can be used for a wide range of applications, such as urban planning, flood management, geological analysis, and environmental modeling. DTMs are widely used in the fields of cartography, geology, geography, and remote sensing, among others.

What is a DSM / DTM / DEM?

DSM (Digital Surface Model), DTM (Digital Terrain Model), and DEM (Digital Elevation Model) are three commonly used terms in the field of geomatics and remote sensing. These models represent different types of 3D data models that are used to represent the elevation of the Earth's surface. Although they are often used interchangeably, there are some significant differences between these models.

Digital Surface Model (DSM)

A DSM represents the topmost surface of the Earth's terrain, including any vegetation, buildings, and other objects that may be present on the ground. In other words, a DSM is a digital representation of the Earth's surface with all features and objects included. DSMs are commonly used in applications such as urban planning, flood modelling, and environmental studies, where a detailed representation of the Earth's surface is required.

Digital Terrain Model (DTM)

A DTM represents the bare Earth surface, excluding any objects or features above the terrain such as vegetation, buildings, and other structures. DTMs are used to study the Earth's surface in its natural form, and are commonly used in applications such as topographic mapping, hydrology, and soil mapping. DTMs are created by removing all features from a DSM, leaving only the terrain elevation data.

Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

A DEM represents the elevation of the Earth's surface in a digital format, regardless of whether it is covered by objects or features such as vegetation or buildings. DEMs can be derived from both DSMs and DTMs, and are used in a wide range of applications, such as flood risk assessment, land management, and geological studies.

Key Differences

The main differences between DSMs, DTMs, and DEMs lie in the type of data they represent and the applications they are used for. DSMs represent the topmost surface of the Earth's terrain, while DTMs represent the bare earth.

What is LIDAR?

Lidar drone mapping is the use of drones equipped with Light Detection and Ranging (Lidar) technology to create high-resolution 3D maps of terrain, buildings, and other objects. The drone emits laser beams that bounce off objects and return to the drone's sensors, creating a detailed point cloud of the object or terrain. The resulting data can be used in a variety of applications, including urban planning, construction, and environmental monitoring. Lidar drone mapping is faster and more accurate than traditional surveying methods and can cover a larger area with greater detail in less time, making it an increasingly popular tool for mapping and surveying professionals. More about LIDAR...

What is an orthomosaic?

An orthomosaic is a high-resolution, georeferenced image produced by stitching together multiple overlapping aerial or drone images. Unlike a regular mosaic, an orthomosaic corrects for perspective distortion and terrain variations, resulting in a highly accurate and detailed representation of the area being imaged.

Orthomosaics are used in a variety of fields, including agriculture, construction, urban planning, and environmental monitoring. For example, in agriculture, orthomosaics can be used to create detailed maps of crop health and yield, allowing farmers to optimize their planting and fertilization strategies. In construction, orthomosaics can be used to monitor progress and identify potential safety hazards on a job site. In urban planning, orthomosaics can be used to map out infrastructure and identify areas in need of maintenance or repair. And in environmental monitoring, orthomosaics can be used to track changes in land use, detect changes in water quality, and monitor wildlife habitats.

What is orthophoto?

An orthophoto is a georeferenced aerial or satellite photograph that has been corrected for topographic relief, camera tilt, and other distortions so that it has a uniform scale and can be used for precise measurement and mapping.

To create an orthophoto, multiple overlapping images of an area are captured from different angles and heights. These images are then corrected for distortions, such as perspective and relief displacement, using photogrammetric techniques. The result is an image that has a uniform scale and can be used for accurate measurements of distance, area, and volume.

Orthophotos are used in a variety of applications, including urban planning, land surveying, environmental management, and emergency response. They are particularly useful for identifying and mapping changes in land use, such as the expansion of urban areas or the conversion of natural habitats. Orthophotos can also be used to create detailed terrain models and to plan the placement of infrastructure, such as roads and buildings.

What is remote sensing?

By measuring the reflected and emitted radiation of an area from a distance, remote sensing is the process of identifying and keeping track of the physical features of a location. Remotely sensed images are captured by specialised cameras to form an accurate reading of the Earth.

What is Real-Time Kinematic (RTK)?

Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is a type of satellite-based positioning system that is commonly used in surveying and mapping applications. RTK technology uses a combination of GPS (Global Positioning System) and GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signals to provide highly accurate and precise location information. Unlike traditional GPS systems that provide accuracy within a few meters, RTK systems can provide centimeter-level accuracy in real-time. RTK works by using a fixed base station that receives satellite signals and transmits corrections to a mobile rover receiver in real-time. This allows the rover to calculate its precise location relative to the base station with high accuracy and speed.

What is thermal imaging?

Drone-based thermal imaging is a technology that utilizes unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with thermal cameras to capture high-resolution thermal images of various objects or areas. This technology allows for the detection and measurement of temperature variations in a scene, enabling the identification of heat signatures of objects and their surroundings.

Drone-based thermal imaging can be used in a variety of applications, including search and rescue operations, inspection of power lines, pipelines, and other infrastructure, monitoring of wildlife, and identifying energy inefficiencies in buildings. The technology can detect temperature differences as small as 0.1°C, making it a valuable tool for detecting hotspots and identifying potential hazards.

In operation, the drone is flown over the area of interest, capturing thermal images of the scene. The images are then processed using specialized software that converts the temperature data into visible images that can be analyzed and interpreted. The resulting images can show temperature variations in a range of colors, with red and yellow indicating hot spots, and blue and green indicating cooler areas.

Overall, drone-based thermal imaging is a powerful technology that provides accurate, non-invasive, and efficient data for various applications. Its ability to provide high-resolution thermal imagery from a safe distance makes it a valuable tool for numerous industries and professionals. More about thermal imaging...

What is a UAV/UAS/Drone?

UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle): UAV is the technical term for a drone. It refers to any aircraft that can be operated without a human pilot on board.

UAS (Unmanned Aircraft System): UAS encompasses not just the drone itself (UAV) but also the associated ground control station, communication systems, and any additional equipment required for its operation.

What is Ultra High Definition?

UHD or Ultra High Definition signifies that a camera's resolution is 3840x2160 pixels. This is exactly four time higher than high definition cameras (1920x1080 pixels), and so UHD is often also know as 4K. More about drone photography...